Mechanism of the regulation of type IB phosphoinositide 30H-kinase by G-protein βγ subunits

Type 113 phosphoinositide 3OH-kinase (PI3K) is activated by G-protein betagamma subunits (Gbetagammas). The enzyme is soluble and largely cytosolic in vivo, Its substrate, PtdIns(4,5)P-2, and the Gbetagammas are localized at the plasma membrane. We have addressed the mechanism by which Gbetagammas regulate the PI3K using an in vitro approach. We used sedimentation assays and surface plasmon resonance to determine association of type IB PI3K with lipid monolayers and vesicles of varying compositions, some of which had Gbetagammas incorporated. Association and dissociation rate constants were determined. Our results indicated that in an assay situation in vitro the majority of PI3K will be associated with lipid vesicles, irrespective of the presence or absence of Gbetagammas. In line with this, a constitutively active membrane-targeted PI3K construct could still be activated substantially by Gbetagammas in vitro. We conclude that Gbetagammas activate type IB PI3K by a mechanism other than translocation to the plasma membrane.