Priming of the neutrophil respiratory burst is species-dependent and involves MAP kinase activation

Background. Priming of the neutrophil respiratory burst hers been implicated in the pathogenesis of multi-system organ failure (MSOF) after sepsis and trauma. The intracellular signal transduction pathways that mediate priming are unclear. Methods. Human, porcine, rabbit, rat, and mouse neutrophils were assayed by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in whole blood and purified neutrophil preparations. Multiple priming agents and agonists were studied as was inhibition of priming by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 and the Mek 1/2 inhibitor PD98059. Results. Priming by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was significantly inhibited by SB203580, whereas platelet-activating factor (PAF) priming was unaffected. Neither TNF-alpha nor PAF primed polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) within whole blood for N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP) activation, in contrast to activation by complement-opsonized zymosan (OPZ) or low-dose phorbolmyristate acetate (PMA). Both TNF-alpha and PAF however; primed purified neutrophils for f-MLP activation. In contrast to human and porcine PMNs, rabbit, rat, and mouse PMNs could not be primed by TNF-alpha or PAF, regardless of the final agonist. Conclusions. Priming of the PMN respiratory burst proceeds through multiple signaling pathways, depending on the particular priming agent and agonist pair Differences in priming between PMNs in whole blood and purified preparations may be physiologically significant. There is a pronounced species dependency in the ability to prime the neutrophil respiratory burst.