p53-dependent apoptosis or growth arrest induced by different forms of radiation in U2OS cells:: p21WAF1/CIP1 repression in UV induced apoptosis

Following exposure to DNA damaging agents the p53 tumour-suppressor gene induces either a growth arrest (primarily in G1) or apoptosis. The factors governing which response a cell undertakes, however, are unclear. We find that the osteosarcoma cell line, U20S, (wild-type for p53) is capable of undergoing either p53 dependent apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in response to distinct forms of radiation. Following exposure to UVC, the majority of U20S cells were apoptotic within 2 days and cells continued to cycle even as viability was being lost. In contrast, after X-ray treatment, U20S cells exhibited a cell cycle arrest. Western analysis showed that p53 protein was stabilized to a greater extent by UVC than X-ray. Treatment with X-rays induced P21(WAF1/CIP1) whereas p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression was specifically repressed at the post-transcriptional level after exposure to UVC, Ectopic expression of high levels of p21(WAF1/CIP1), which arrested U20S cells in G1 and G2, initially conferred considerable protection against UVC-induced apoptosis. Ultimately, however, cells underwent apoptosis indicating that a high level of p21(WAF1/CIP1) delays but does not block apoptosis. Taken together, these results show that cell cycle arrest and apoptosis can occur in the same cell type in response to different forms of radiation and that the repression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) after UVC may contribute to the efficient induction of apoptosis in response to this particular insult.