Carbon isotopes in continental weathering environments and variations in ancient atmospheric CO2 pressure

Abundance and carbon isotope data from an Fe(CO3)OH component in apparent solid solution in oolitic goethites have been used to infer ancient atmospheric CO2 pressures. A test of the validity of these estimates might be comparisons of the carbon isotope compositions of Fe(CO3)OH in oolitic goethites with time-equivalent pedogenic calcites. Temporal trends of the oolitic goethite and pedogenic calcite delta(13)C values are generally similar, but time-equivalent samples from each of these two groups are not common in the existing data. To facilitate discussion of the concept, comparisons were made of available goethite and calcite samples even though ages of the compared samples in each pair were not identical. In four out of the five comparisons, Fe(CO3)OH abundance and delta(13)C data were combined with pedogenic calcite delta(13)C data to calculate physically reasonable soil CO2 concentrations for the ancient calcitic soils. This suggests that the compared oolitic goethite and pedogenic calcite systems were responding to the same global scale phenomenon (i.e., atmospheric CO2). Atmospheric P-CO2 as determined from the goethites in these four ''well-behaved'' cases ranged from values indistinguishable from modem (within analytical uncertainty) to values up to approximately 16 times modern (modem atmospheric P-CO2 was taken to be 10(-3.5) arm). One interpretation of the fifth, ''anomalous'', comparison is that atmospheric CO2 levels increased from about 3 times modem to about 18 times modem from the Triassic into the Early Jurassic. This inferred value for the P-CO2 Of the Early Jurassic atmosphere is not uniquely constrained by the existing data and needs to be substantiated. However, even considerably lower Early Jurassic atmospheric P-CO2 values of 6 to 9 times modem (i.e., 1/3 to 1/2 of the estimated value of 18 times modem) would still indicate significant differences between the global carbon cycles then and now. These results highlight the need for more research on the behavior of the atmosphere during and after the Triassic-Jurassic transition.