Optimal modulation of flying capacitor and stacked multicell converters using a state machine decoder

Modulation of Flying Capacitor and Stacked Multicell Converters (SMC) is complicated by the fact that these converters have redundant states that achieve the some phase leg voltage output. Hence a modulator must use some secondary criteria such as cell voltage balancing to fully define the converter switched state. Alternatively, the modulator can be adapted to directly specify the cell states, such as has been proposed for the harmonically optimal Phase Disposition (PD) strategy. However the techniques reported to date can lead to uneven distribution of switching transitions between cells, and the synthesis of narrow switched phase leg pulses. This paper presents an improved strategy that decouples the tasks of voltage level selection and switching event distribution. Conventional PD and CSVPWM strategies are used to define the target voltage level for the converter, and a finite state machine is then used to distribute the transitions to the converter cells in a cyclical fashion. Experimental results for a four level Flying Capacitor inverter are presented, verifying that the natural balancing properties of this converter has been preserved, the cell switching utilization is equal and the expected harmonic gains of PD and CSVPWM compared to Phase Shifted Carrier PWM have been achieved.