Non-inducibility post-pulmonary vein isolation achieving exit block predicts freedom from atrial fibrillation

Aims This study evaluates whether non-inducibility of atrial fibrillation (AF) after achieving bi-directional electrical pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is a useful predictor of freedom from AF recurrence. Methods and results This study included 102 consecutive patients who underwent PV isolation for symptomatic paroxysmal (59%), persistent (32%), or permanent (9%) AF. Patients were followed for 16 +/- 10 months. Complete isolation of all four PVs was confirmed by demonstration of bi-directional block, defined by both loss of PV potentials and failure to capture the LA by pacing (at 10 mA) 10-14 bipolar pairs of electrodes on a circumferential catheter positioned at the entrance of the PV. Induction of AF by burst pacing on/off isoproterenol was attempted after PV isolation. Freedom from recurrent symptomatic or asymptomatic AF was present in 70% of patients at 6 months and 62% of patients at 12 months. In multi-variable analysis, non-inducibility post-PV isolation (OR=3.84, P=0.047) and paroxysmal AF (OR=4.80, P=0.012) predicted freedom from AF at 12 months. Conclusion Non-inducibility of AF after bi-directional PV isolation predicts maintenance of sinus rhythm. This finding suggests that routine extensive left atrial ablation may be unnecessary.