Clinical outcome of microsurgery for obstructive azoospermia

Background: Recent technical advances in microscopy have greatly improved the reconstruction of the seminal tract in cases of obstructive azoospermia. Methods: We evaluated the clinical outcome of 28 patients with obstructive azoospermia who underwent microsurgical reconstruction (i.e. vasovasostomy or unilateral epididymovasostomy). Diagnoses included postvasectomy (n = 9), childhood inguinal herniorrhaphy (n = 10) and cases of unknown cause (n = 9). Six of the unknown cases proved to be inoperable. We analyzed the outcome of the surgical reconstructions of operable cases according to the causes of obstruction, duration of obstruction, duality of the fluid obtained from the distal seminal tract (concentration, morphology and motility of sperm) and the histologic findings of the testis. Results: The surgical outcome was analyzed with regard to the incidence of patency and pregnancy. The incidence of patency achieved in nine vasectomy cases was 89%, while the incidence of pregnancy was 44%. In contrast, the incidence of patency in the nine operable cases with herniorrhaphy was 44%, while the pregnancy rate was 0%. Of four cases of unknown cause who underwent epididymovasostomy, the incidence of patency was 100% and the incidence of pregnancy was 75%. The outcomes were worse in post-vasectomy cases with long-term obstruction of more than 10 years; however, this was not statistically significant. The outcome was significantly worse in cases with low sperm concentrations. There was no significant relationship between histologic findings and surgical outcome. Conclusions: The surgical outcome of vasovasostomy of postherniorrhaphy cases was significantly worse than that of post-vasectomy cases. With regard to epididymovasostomy, a unilateral repair was clinically evaluated.