X-ray structure of an anti-fungal chitosanase from Streptomyces N174

We report the 2.4 Angstrom X-ray crystal structure of a protein with chitosan endo-hydrolase activity isolated from Streptomyces N174, The structure was solved using phases acquired by SIRAS from a two-site methyl mercury derivative combined with solvent flattening and non-crystallographic two-fold sym metry averaging, and refined to an R-factor of 18.5 %. The mostly alpha-helical fold reveals a structural core shared with several classes of lysozyme and barley endochitinase, in spite of a lack of shared sequence. Based on this structural similarity we postulate a putative active site, mechanism of action and mode of substrate recognition. It appears that Glu 22 acts as an acid and Asp 40 serves as a general base to activate a water molecule for an S(N)2 attack on the glycosidic bond. A series of amino-acid side chains and backbone carbonyl groups may bind the polycationic chitosan substrate in a deep electronegative binding cleft.