Bioinspired enzyme encapsulation for biocatalysis

Biocatalysis exploits the versatility of enzymes to catalyse a variety of processes for the production of novel compounds and natural products. Enzyme immobilization enhances the stability and hence applicability of biomolecules as reusable and robust biocatalysts. Biomimetic mineralization reactions have emerged as a versatile tool for generating excellent supports for enzyme stabilization. The methodology utilizes biological templates and synthetic analogues to catalyse the formation of inorganic oxides. Such materials provide biocompatible environments for enzyme immobilization. The utility of the method is further enhanced by entraining and attaching encapsulated catalysts to a variety of supports. This review discusses biomimetic and bioinspired mineral formation as a technique for the immobilization of enzymes with potential application to a wealth of biocatalytic processes.