Characteristics of mitotic cell death induced by enediyne antibiotic lidamycin in human epithelial tumor cells

Mitotic cell death, a different cell death mode from apoptosis, has been focused on in tumor therapy. It may involve the mechanism of highly potent cytotoxicities of enediyne antibiotics toward tumor cells. We describe the characteristics of mitotic cell death induced by enediyne antibiotic lidamycin at low concentrations (0.01-1 nM), in the human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells and human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. The cells exerting mitotic cell death showed retardation at G(2)+M phase, enlargement of cell volume and multi nucleation, some of which were positive in senescence-associate beta-galactosidase staining. The multinucleated living cells did not show apoptotic features by co-staining with mitochondria-specific dye Mitosensor and DNA-specific dye Hoechst 33342. The DNA polyploidy rather than 'apoptotic sub-G(1) peak' increased with incubation time for the lidamycin-treated BEL-7402 cells. The proliferation status of BEL-7402 cells was shown by flow cytometry after the cells were labeled with PKH-67, a fluorescent dye for labeling living cells, but the fluorescent intensity of the lidamycin-treated cells was little changed. The smear DNA pattern was detected in the multinucleated cells by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results provide the first evidence for elucidating the potent cytotoxicities of lidamycin toward tumor cells and further describing characteristics of mitotic cell death.