Specific hepatitis B virus minus-strand DNA synthesis requires only the 5' encapsidation signal and the 3'-proximal direct repeat DR1*

Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small DNA virus that replicates inside the viral nucleocapsid by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate, the pregenome. The sequences encompassing the encapsidation signal epsilon and the direct repeat DR1 are present in two copies on this terminally redundant transcript. We have recently shown that HBV minus-strand DNA synthesis involves transfer of a short DNA primer copied from 5'-epsilon to 3'-DR1 (DR1*). Using transfection of HBV genomes with lesions in 3'-epsilon, and 5'-DR1 and its preceding sequence, we tested whether these additional elements contribute to the specificity of the transfer reaction, However, while some mutations affected proper plus-strand DNA formation, 5'-epsilon and DR1* were completely sufficient for correct minus-strand DNA production.