The anaphase-promoting complex: New subunits and regulators

Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of cell cycle regulators is a crucial process during the cell cycle. The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a large, multiprotein complex whose ES-ubiquitin ligase activity is required for the ubiquitination of mitotic cyclins and other regulatory proteins that are targeted for destruction during cell division. The recent identification of new APC subunits and regulatory proteins has begun to reveal some of the intricate mechanisms that govern APC regulation. One mechanism is the use of specificity factors to impose temporal control over substrate degradation. A second mechanism is the APC-mediated proteolysis of specific APC regulators. Finally, components of both the APC and the SCF E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex contain several conserved sequence motifs, including WD-40 repeats and cullin homology domains, which suggest that both complexes may use a similar mechanism for substrate ubiquitination.