The potential for long-range transboundary atmospheric transport

被引:77
作者
van Pul, WAJ
de Leeuw, FAAM
van Jaarsveld, JA
van der Gaag, MA
Sliggers, CJ
机构
[1] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
[2] Minist Housing Spatial Planning & Environm, NL-2500 GX The Hague, Netherlands
关键词
long-range atmospheric transport; atmospheric residence time; persistent organic pollutants; effective deposition velocity; risk assessment;
D O I
10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00027-7
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
A simple generic procedure was developed to determine the potential for long-range transboundary atmospheric transport of substances by means of the residence time of the substance in air. The atmospheric residence time, tau(a), is defined here as the time period in which the mass of the pollutant in the atmospheric boundary layer is reduced by 50%. This was calculated using first-order and time-averaged reaction rates for the removal processes of dry and wet deposition, and degradation in air. The dry deposition process is described by means of an effective deposition velocity which accounts for the possible re-emission of the substance. Examples of the atmospheric residence time for a number of pesticides, chemicals and combustion products are presented. The atmospheric residence time is recommended as a criterion in screening methods and risk assessments that consider the spatial extent of atmospheric long-range transport of substances. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:113 / 141
页数:29
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