Levels of soluble FasL and FasL gene expression during the development of graft-versus-host disease in DLT-treated patients

Three patients with different clinical symptoms of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) who had received donor lymphocyte transfusion (DLT) for the treatment of relapsed leukaemia after an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA-matched sibling donors were analysed for the presence of soluble Fast (sFasL) in the sera and for the expression of the Fas ligand (FasL) gene in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). Two patients who demonstrated liver damage with increased levels of serum bilirubin showed significantly increased levels of serum sFasL. The increase in the sFasL level was observed prior to the increase in the bilirubin during the clinical courses of both patients. The high dose of methyl predonisolone administered to one of these patients greatly reduced the levers of sFasL in the serum. The bilirubin levels were also reduced thereafter. The third patient (without liver damage) did not show any increase in the serum sFasL level. The expression of the Fast gene in the PBMNC of these three patients was examined. All three patients showed increased levels of the Fast gene expression during their clinical courses. However, only one patient showed a parallel alteration of Fast gene expression with sFasL in the serum. These cases provide evidence that the Fas/FasL system is closely associated with human GVHD, especially in the development of liver GVHD.