Numerical prediction of green water incidents

Green water loads on moored or sailing ships occur when an incoming wave significantly exceeds the freeboard and water runs onto the deck. In this paper, a Navier-Stokes solver with a free surface capturing scheme (i.e. the VOF model; Hirt and Nichols, 1981) is used to numerically model green water loads on a moored FPSO exposed to head sea waves. Two cases are investigated: first, green water on a fixed vessel has been analysed, where resulting waterheight on deck, and impact pressure on a deck mounted structure have been computed. These results have been compared to experimental data obtained by Greco (2001) and show very favourable agreement. Second, a full green water incident, including vessel motions has been modelled. In these computations, the vertical motion has been modelled by the use of transfer functions for heave and pitch, but the rotational contribution from the pitch motion has been neglected. The computed water height on deck has been compared to the experimental data obtained by Buchner (1995a) and it also shows very good agreement. The modelling in the second case was performed in both 2-D and 3-D with very similar results, which indicates that 3-D effects are not dominant. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.