The Effects of Time and Intensity of Exercise on Novel and Established Markers of CVD in Adolescent Youth

Objectives: This article examines the effects of brief, intense exercise in comparison with traditional endurance exercise on both novel and traditional markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in youth. Methods: Forty seven boys and ten girls (16.4 +/- 0.7 years of age) were divided into a moderate (MOD), high intensity (HIT), or a control group. The MOD group (12 boys, 4 girls) and HIT group (15 boys, 2 girls) performed three weekly exercise sessions over 7 weeks. Each session consisted of either four to six repeats of maximal sprint running within a 20 m area with 20-30 s recovery (HIT) or 20 min continuous running within a 20 m area at similar to 70% maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max). Results: Total exercise time commitment over the intervention was 420 min (MOD) and 63 min (HIT). Training volume was 85% lower for the HIT group. Total estimated energy expenditure was similar to 907.2 kcal (HIT) and similar to 4410 kcal (MOD). Significant improvements (P <= 0.05) were found in systolic blood pressure, aerobic fitness, and body mass index (BMI) postintervention (HIT). In the MOD group, significant (P <= 0.05) improvements were noted in aerobic fitness, percentage body fat (%BF), BMI, fibrinogen (Fg), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and insulin concentrations. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that brief, intense exercise is a time efficient means for improving CVD risk factors in adolescents. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 23:517-526, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.