Regulation of bacterial biomass and community structure by metazoan and protozoan predation

被引:140
作者
Langenheder, S
Jürgens, K
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Limnol, Dept Physiol Ecol, D-24302 Plon, Germany
[2] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Limnol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
关键词
D O I
10.4319/lo.2001.46.1.0121
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
We performed food web manipulation experiments in three eutrophic Daphnia-dominated ponds, to compare the predation impact on planktonic bacteria exerted by metazoan and protozoan bacterial consumers. We analyzed the bacterial morphological composition by image analysis and the taxonomic composition by fluorescent in situ hybridization with group-specific oligonucleotide probes. The removal of Daphnia always resulted in a microbial succession in which first free-living bacteria and then heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNFs) increased. Distinct stages of bacterial grazing either exclusively by Daphnia or by HNFs allowed a quantitative and qualitative comparison of their predation impact on the bacterial assemblage. Both bacterial consumers showed a strong size-selective impact that shifted the free-living bacterial community structure toward small cells. Suppression of bacterial biomass below the carrying capacity was similar with Daphnia or HNFs in one experiment and was significantly stronger with Daphnia as bacterial consumer in two experiments. This was due to the fact that bacteria that were resistant to protozoan predation partially compensated grazing mortality. Bacteria attached to aggregates and detrital particles were more important as grazing-resistant forms than bacterial filaments and constituted up to 50% of total bacterial biomass at the end of the experiments. Changes in predation pressure were also associated with shifts in bacterial community composition. Bacteria belonging to the beta subclass of the class Proteobacteria and to the Cytophaga/Flavobacterium group dominated originally. The latter were most strongly reduced by HNF grazing, whereas other groups, in two experiments the alpha sublass (ALF) of Proteobacteria and in one experiment bacteria hybridizing with the probe for Archaea, even increased during HNF grazing. The composition also differed between bacteria associated with aggregates and freely suspended bacteria, the most obvious being the dominance of ALF growing on detrital aggregates. The experiments demonstrated that predation is a major structuring force for planktonic bacterial communities and that changes in predation regime probably have a much stronger impact on the structure of the bacterial community than on bacterial abundance and biomass.
引用
收藏
页码:121 / 134
页数:14
相关论文
共 75 条
[1]   PHYLOGENETIC IDENTIFICATION AND IN-SITU DETECTION OF INDIVIDUAL MICROBIAL-CELLS WITHOUT CULTIVATION [J].
AMANN, RI ;
LUDWIG, W ;
SCHLEIFER, KH .
MICROBIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, 1995, 59 (01) :143-169
[2]   Succession of bacterivorous protists on laboratory-made marine snow [J].
Artolozaga, I ;
Santamaria, E ;
Lopez, A ;
Ayo, B ;
Iriberri, J .
JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH, 1997, 19 (10) :1429-1440
[3]  
BJORNSEN PK, 1986, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V51, P1199
[4]   FILTER MESH SIZE OF CLADOCERANS PREDICTS RETENTION EFFICIENCY FOR BACTERIA [J].
BRENDELBERGER, H .
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, 1991, 36 (05) :884-894
[5]   PREDATION BODY SIZE AND COMPOSITION OF PLANKTON [J].
BROOKS, JL ;
DODSON, SI .
SCIENCE, 1965, 150 (3692) :28-&
[6]  
CARON D A, 1990, Marine Microbial Food Webs, V4, P143
[7]   GRAZING OF ATTACHED BACTERIA BY HETEROTROPHIC MICROFLAGELLATES [J].
CARON, DA .
MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, 1987, 13 (03) :203-218
[8]   THE IMPORTANCE OF ZOOPLANKTON-PROTOZOAN TROPHIC COUPLINGS IN LAKE-MICHIGAN [J].
CARRICK, HJ ;
FAHNENSTIEL, GL ;
STOERMER, EF ;
WETZEL, RG .
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, 1991, 36 (07) :1335-1345
[9]   POTENTIAL ROLE OF FISH PREDATION AND NATURAL-POPULATIONS OF ZOOPLANKTON IN STRUCTURING A PLANKTON COMMUNITY IN EUTROPHIC LAKE WATER [J].
CHRISTOFFERSEN, K ;
RIEMANN, B ;
KLYSNER, A ;
SONDERGAARD, M .
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, 1993, 38 (03) :561-573
[10]  
Cochran-Stafira DL, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P880, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0880:IBIFWS]2.0.CO