Characterizing zeolite acidity by spectroscopic and catalytic means:: A comparison

Adsorption of H-2, N-2, and CO on four different protonated zeolites-H-ZSM-5, H-beta, H-Y, and dealuminated H-Y-at low temperatures was studied by transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The introduction of the basic probe molecules caused a red-shift of the IR stretching bands of the zeolitic acidic OH groups. This perturbation, which is commonly interpreted as a hydrogen bonding between the acidic OH group and the adsorbate and often taken as a measure of the acidic strength, was then compared with intrinsic activities for the acid-catalyzed cracking of n-hexane previously published for the same zeolite samples. Catalytic and spectroscopic characterization of the acidity is consistent only within the same class of zeolites, e.g. comparison of differently pretreated faujasites. Spectroscopic and catalytic observations for different types of zeolites do not match perfectly, because additional effects, such as interactions of larger molecules with pore walls and the stabilization of transition states and intermediates, can influence the course of an acid-catalyzed reaction.