Electrochemistry in the presence of ultrasound: The need for bipotentiostatic control in sonovoltammetric experiments

Electrochemical measurements in the presence of intense ultrasonic sound are possible using the recently developed sonovoltammetric methodology. In these, as well as in conventional sonoelectrochemical experiments, the presence of the ultrasonic transducer (here a titanium immersion horn) requires additional care in the potential control of the electrochemical experiment if meaningful results are to be obtained. Ideally, bipotentiostatic control should be used in order to work with defined potentials on both the working electrode and the titanium sonotrode.