The synthetic form of a novel chicken β-defensin identified in silico is predominantly active against intestinal pathogens

Antimicrobial peptides are essential components of innate immunity and are generally thought to act by disrupting the membrane integrity of microbes. Here we report the discovery of two novel chicken beta-defensins, gallinacin ( Gal)-11 and Gal-12, found by hidden Markov model profile searching of the chicken genome. We have sequenced the genes and elucidated the 3'UTR of Gal-11. Differential mRNA expression of these novel genes has been shown across a panel of chicken tissues. Gal-11 mRNAwas highly expressed in the small intestine, the liver, the gall bladder and the spleen and also showed moderate expression in several other areas of the chicken anatomy, whilst Gal-12 mRNA was found only in the liver and the gall bladder. Antimicrobial activity of synthetic Gal-11 has been demonstrated against a range of bacteria and is predominantly active against the intestinal pathogens Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes.