Phase II study to investigate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of sorafenib in Japanese patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma

Objective: Sorafenib (Nexavar((R))) is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor that targets tumor growth and angiogenesis. This phase II study investigated efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of sorafenib in Japanese patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: Nonrandomized, open-label study in Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had received nephrectomy and failed >= 1 cytokine-containing therapy. The primary endpoint was response rate. Patients received sorafenib 400 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) on a continuous dosing schedule. Results: A total of 129 patients (median age 63 years) were valid for intention-to-treat analyses. Confirmed partial responses were observed in 16 (12.4%) patients, and investigators assessed that 19 (14.7%) of the patients achieved a partial response. Stable disease was reported in 93 (72.1%) patients, and 103 (80.5%) patients had tumor shrinkage. Median progression-free survival was 224 days and the 25th percentile of overall survival was estimated at 288 days. The most frequently occurring drug-related adverse events (any grade) were elevated lipase (56%), hand-foot skin reaction (55%), alopecia (39%), increased amylase (38%), rash/desquamation (37%), and diarrhea (34%). A total of 14 (10.7%) patients had serious sorafenib-related adverse events, including one adverse event of worst grade 5 (dyspnea occurred 35 days after the last dose of study medication). The Ctrough,steady state values in RCC patients (n = 63) receiving sorafenib 400 mg b.i.d. were similar to those obtained from a Japanese phase I study involving patients with mixed solid tumors. Conclusion: Sorafenib showed encouraging efficacy and was well tolerated in Japanese patients with metastatic RCC.