New developments in WARP: Progress toward end-to-end simulation

The development of a high current, heavy-ion beam driver for inertial confinement fusion requires a detailed understanding of the behavior of the beam, including effects of the strong self-fields. The necessity of including the self-fields of the beam makes particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation techniques ideal, and for this reason, the multi-dimensional PIC/accelerator code WARP has been developed. WARP [1] has been used extensively to study the creation and propagation of ion beams both in experiments and for the understanding of basic beam physics. An overview of the structure of the code will be presented along with a discussion of features that make the code an effective tool in the understanding of space-charge dominated beam behavior. Much development has been done on WARP increasing its flexibility and generality. Major additions include a generalized field description, an efficient steady-state modeling technique, a transverse slice model with a bending algorithm, further improvement of the parallel processing version, and capabilities for Linking to chamber transport codes. With these additions, the capability of modeling a large scale accelerator from end-to-end comes closer to reality. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.