Controlled release of rhBMP-2 loaded poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)/calcium phosphate cement composites in vivo

The release kinetics of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) loaded poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)/calcium phosphate cement (PLGA/Ca-P cement) composites were studied in vivo. RhBMP-2 was radiolabeled with 131, and entrapped within PLGA microparticles or adsorbed onto the microparticle surface. PLGA microparticles were prepared of high molecular weight (HMW) PLGA (weight average molecular weight [M-W] 49,100 1700) or low molecular weight (LMW) PLGA (M-w 5,900 +/- 300) and used for preparation of 30:70 wt.% PLGA/Ca-P cement composite discs. Release of I-131- rhBMP-2 loaded composites was assessed by scintigraphic imaging according to a 2 2 two-level full factorial design in the rat ectopic model during four weeks. In vivo release kinetics varied among formulations. All formulations showed slow release without initial burst, and displayed a linear release from 3 to 28 days. Release of LMW entrapped rhBMP-2 composites (1.7 +/- 0.3%/day) was significantly faster than release from other formulations (p < 0.01). After 28 days, retention within the composites was 65 +/- 5%, 75 +/- 4%, 50 +/- 4% and 70 +/- 6% of the initial rhBNW-2 for HMW entrapped, HMW adsorbed, LMW entrapped and LMW adsorbed rhBMP-2 composites, respectively. Release from the composite was probably slowed down by an interaction of rhBMP-2 and Ca-P cement after rhBMP-2 release from PLGA microparticles. We conclude that PLGA/Ca-P cement composites can be considered as sustained slow release vehicles and that the release and retention of rhBMP-2 can be modified according to the desired profile to a limited extent. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.