Left ventricular function after a new pregnancy in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy

Background: A new pregnancy is usually discouraged in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), particularly when there is persistent left ventricular dysfunction. This study was undertaken to evaluate left ventricular systolic function after a new pregnancy in patients with PPCM. Methods and Results: Nine of 44 patients with PPCM became pregnant and were selected for this study. Two patients were lost to follow-up, 1 immediately after the new pregnancy diagnosis. and the other 1 after the latest delivery, and, thus, were excluded. The remaining 7 patients had regular clinical and obstetric examinations until delivery, continued follow-up, and were submitted to echocardiography 6 to 12 months thereafter. Pregnancy was relatively well tolerated in the patients, and they gave birth to 7 healthy newborns. After this latest pregnancy, 4 patients with heart failure functional class II and 2 patients with functional class III remained unchanged. A patient, initially in functional class III, improved and was then in Functional class II. Although left ventricular end-diastolic diameter did not change (61 to 58 mm). left ventricular end-systolic dimension decreased (50 to 47 mm, P = .008), resulting in a significant increase in left ventricular fractional shortening (19% to 23%, P = .02). Conclusion: Although based only in a small number of patients, the present results suggest that cardiac function does not deteriorate during a new pregnancy in patients with PPCM.