[1] Univ Pittsburgh, Publ Hlth Computat & Operat Res PHICOR, Publ Hlth Computat & Operat Res Grp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[2] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biomed Informat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[3] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[4] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[5] Univ Penn, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[6] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Evidence Based Practice, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[7] Vet Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Div Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA USA