Solvent-Induced Morphology in Polymer-Based Systems for Organic Photovoltaics

被引：225

作者：

Ruderer, Matthias A. ^{[1
]}

Guo, Shuai ^{[1
]}

Meier, Robert ^{[1
]}

Chiang, Hsin-Yin ^{[1
]}

Koerstgens, Volker ^{[1
]}

Wiedersich, Johannes ^{[1
]}

Perlich, Jan ^{[2
]}

Roth, Stephan V. ^{[2
]}

Mueller-Buschbaum, Peter ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Lehrstuhl Funkt Mat, D-85747 Garching, Germany

[2] DESY, HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany

来源：

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS | 2011年 / 21卷 / 17期

关键词：

HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; NANOSCALE MORPHOLOGY; POLYFLUORENE BLENDS; PHASE-SEPARATION; SMALL-ANGLE; PERFORMANCE; FULLERENE; NANOMORPHOLOGY;

D O I：

10.1002/adfm.201100945

中图分类号：

O6 [化学];

学科分类号：

0703 ;

摘要：

Studies on the influence of four different solvents on the morphology and photovoltaic performance of bulk-heterojunction films made of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C-61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) via spin-coating for photovoltaic applications are reported. Solvent-dependent PCBM cluster formation and P3HT crystallization during thermal annealing are investigated with optical microscopy and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and are found to be insufficient to explain the differences in device performance. A combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) investigations results in detailed knowledge of the inner film morphology of P3HT:PCBM films. Vertical and lateral phase separation occurs during spin-coating and annealing, depending on the solvent used. The findings are summarized in schematics and compared with the IV characteristics. The main influence on the photovoltaic performance arises from the vertical material composition and the existence of lateral phase separation fitting to the exciton diffusion length. Absorption and photoluminescence measurements complement the structural analysis.

引用

页码：3382 / 3391

页数：10

共 70 条

[1] Determination of the Ordered Structure in Conjugated-Coil Diblock Copolymers Films from a Thickness Gradient Prepared by Spin-Coated Drop Technique [J].

Al-Hussein, M. ;

Ruderer, M. A. ;

Metwalli, E. ;

Koerstgens, V. ;

Vainio, U. ;

Roth, S. V. ;

Doehrmann, R. ;

Gehrke, R. ;

Gebhardt, R. ;

Burghammer, M. ;

Mueller-Buschbaum, P. .

MACROMOLECULES, 2009, 42 (12) :4230-4236

[2] Effects of solvent and annealing on the improved performance of solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene): Fullerene [J].

Al-Ibrahim, M ;

Ambacher, O ;

Sensfuss, S ;

Gobsch, G .

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 2005, 86 (20) :1-3

[3] Preparation and electrical properties of cobalt-platinum nanoparticle monolayers deposited by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique [J].

Aleksandrovic, Vesna ;

Greshnykh, Denis ;

Randjelovic, Igor ;

Froemsdorf, Andreas ;

Kornowski, Andreas ;

Roth, Stephan Volkher ;

Klinke, Christian ;

Weller, Horst .

ACS NANO, 2008, 2 (06) :1123-1130

[4]

[Anonymous], 2003, ANGEW CHEM-GER EDIT, DOI DOI 10.1002/ANGE.200351647

[5] Photovoltaic performance and morphology of polyfluorene blends: A combined microscopic and photovoltaic investigation [J].

Arias, AC ;

MacKenzie, JD ;

Stevenson, R ;

Halls, JJM ;

Inbasekaran, M ;

Woo, EP ;

Richards, D ;

Friend, RH .

MACROMOLECULES, 2001, 34 (17) :6005-6013

[6] Vertical phase separation in spin-coated films of a low bandgap polyfluorene/PCBM blend -: Effects of specific substrate interaction [J].

Bjorstrom, Cecilia M. ;

Nilsson, Svante ;

Bernasik, Andrzej ;

Budkowski, Andrzej ;

Andersson, Mats ;

Magnusson, Kjell O. ;

Moons, Ellen .

APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 2007, 253 (08) :3906-3912

[7] Realization of large area flexible fullerene - Conjugated polymer photocells: A route to plastic solar cells [J].

Brabec, CJ ;

Padinger, F ;

Hummelen, JC ;

Janssen, RAJ ;

Sariciftci, NS .

SYNTHETIC METALS, 1999, 102 (1-3) :861-864

[8]

BRAUN C, 1997, PARRATT32 ECTIVITY T

[9] Role of Solvent Trapping Effects in Determining the Structure and Morphology of Ternary Blend Organic Devices [J].

Burke, Kerry B. ;

Belcher, Warwick J. ;

Thomsen, Lars ;

Watts, Benjamin ;

McNeill, Christopher R. ;

Ade, Harald ;

Dastoor, Paul C. .

MACROMOLECULES, 2009, 42 (08) :3098-3103

[10] Low-Temperature Control of Nanoscale Morphology for High Performance Polymer Photovoltaics [J].

Campbell, Andrew R. ;

Hodgkiss, Justin M. ;

Westenhoff, Sebastian ;

Howard, Ian A. ;

Marsh, Robert A. ;

McNeill, Christopher R. ;

Friend, Richard H. ;

Greenham, Neil C. .

NANO LETTERS, 2008, 8 (11) :3942-3947

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 →