A new binding assay that uses oligodeoxyribonucleotides (DNAs) obtained by the in vitro selection method, instead of antibodies, to bind to the target molecule, thyroxine (T-4), is described, The DNAs which selectively bound to the T-4 were selected, labeled with biotin or radioisotope, and then used to detection of T-4 in the presence of liothyronine (T-3), which has a chemical structure similar to that of T-4.