Nd concentration and isotopic composition distributions in surface waters of Northwest Pacific Ocean and its adjacent seas

Nd isotopic composition and concentration distributions were determined in surface waters of the Northwest Pacific Ocean and its adjacent seas, i.e., the Okhotsk and Japan Seas. The Okhotsk and Japan Seas samples showed higher Nd concentrations (19similar to31 pmol/kg) than the Northwest Pacific Ocean samples, suggesting a large amount of Nd input from the land areas surrounding the Okhotsk and Japan Seas. Although the Nd isotopic composition data were limited for those regions, each oceanic area showed a distinctive value. The lone sample from the Okhotsk Sea had radiogenic Nd (epsilon(Nd) = -3.6) that was comparable to samples from the Pacific Ocean, indicating a large amount of radiogenic Nd supply from the Kuril Islands. On the other hand, the Japan Sea samples had the most highly unradiogenic Nd (epsilon(Nd) = -8.9similar to-7.2). The southernmost sample had the most negative value, due to the influence of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) having a low epsilon(Nd) value. The latitudinal distributions of Nd isotopic composition and concentration in the surface waters of the Northwest Pacific Ocean showed marked variations. Nd concentration was low at low latitudes (3-8 pmol/kg) and was increased with increasing latitude (16similar to20 pmol/kg). On the other hand, Nd isotopic composition showed a mid-latitude minimum (epsilon(Nd) = similar to-6) and high epsilon(Nd) values at low and high latitudes (epsilon(Nd) = -2similar to-1). The distribution of the epsilon(Nd) values seemed to be controlled by three currents: Kuroshio Extension, Oyashio Current and North Equatorial Current (NEC). The Kuroshio Extension, which showed a low epsilon(Nd) Value, seemed to play an important role in transporting continentally derived Nd to the central Pacific. The Oyashio Current and NEC are supplied with large amounts of radiogenic Nd from the Kuril and Aleutian Islands, and the Hawaiian Islands, respectively. Based on the Nd isotopic composition and concentration distributions, we calculated the radiogenic Nd flux to the Pacific Ocean surface waters and estimated the Nd residence time. Our calculation suggested that the radiogenic Nd flux required to account for the Nd isotopic composition is higher than 70% of the unradiogenic Nd flux including Nd remobilization from coastal and shelf sediments and atmospheric input. It was also revealed that a large Nd remobilization flux is necessary to attain a global Nd residence time of similar to400 y as estimated in previous studies.