Induced resistance in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), to gill disease associated with the microsporidian gill parasite Loma salmonae

Branchial xenomas were detected by week 5 and disappeared by week 10 after naive juvenile rainbow trout, held at 14.5 degrees C, were fed or intubated with Loma salmonae-infected gill tissue preparations. Upon re-challenge with L. salmonae, these fish were protected from disease and branchial xenomas did not develop. Branchial xenomas were never detected in naive fish held at 10 degrees C and exposed to L. salmonae. When these fish were re-challenged with L. salmonae at 14.5 degrees C, they were also protected from the disease. Branchial xenomas also developed after naive fish, held at 14.5 degrees C, were injected intraperitoneally with a semipurified preparation of fresh spores, but generally did not develop after intraperitoneal injection with a preparation of spores subjected to freezing and thawing before use. Fish that had received fresh spores intraperitoneally were completely resistant to disease when re-challenged via oral delivery of spores, whereas those that had received frozen spores were incompletely, but significantly, protected from disease compared with naive fish. We conclude that infection with L. salmonae induces strong protection towards the disease upon re-exposure to spores, and that the protection does not depend on the completion of the parasite's life cycle, thus establishing the basis for further research on vaccine development for this disease.