Dobutamine stress echocardiography early after heart transplantation predicts development of allograft coronary artery disease and outcome

Objectives. This study sought to determine the prognostic significance of serial dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in new heart transplant recipients and to examine the relation between persistent wall motion abnormalities and the eventual development of coronary artery disease (CAD) as assessed by angiography. Background. Allograft CAD is a major cause of graft failure. However, clinical diagnosis of the early disease remains difficult. The reasons for this include the diffuse nature of the disease and its predilection for the microvasculature, which are not easily detected by coronary angiography. Identifying patients at risk for the development of angiographic CAD early after transplantation may allow such patients to be targeted for aggressive treatment options to prevent subsequent cardiac events and early graft failure. Methods. Twenty-two new heart transplant recipients sere selected to undergo serial DSE at the time of their regularly scheduled endomyocardial biopsy. In addition, patients underwent scheduled annual coronary angiography. DSE was performed in 5 min stages with infusion of intravenous dobutamine at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mu g/kg body weight per min. Results. Twenty-two patients had 91 DSE studies and 45 coronary angiograms. The patients were categorized into three groups based on the echocardiographic results. Group 1 (n = 7) had normal serial stress echocardiographic studies. Group 2 (n = 4) had transient inducible wall motion abnormalities. Group 3 (n = 11) developed persistent wall motion abnormalities. During a mean follow-up time of 32 +/- 11 months (range 5 to 50), 8 (73%) of 11 patients in Group 3 developed events. The events included angiographic CAD (n = 7), myocardial infarction (MI) (n = 1) and cardiac death (n = 3). The patient who developed an MI had a normal coronary angiogram. No cardiac event or angiographic disease occurred in either Group 1 or 2 patients. Conclusions. These results suggest that dobutamine-induced wall motion abnormalities, which are persistent in new heart transplant recipients, are predictive of the development of angio graphic CAD, MI or death. (C) 1998 by the American College of Cardiology.