Protective immunity against disparate tumors is mediated by a nonpolymorphic MHC class I molecule

Current peptide-based immunotherapies for treatment of model cancers target tumor Ags bound by the classical MHC class I (class Ia) molecules. The extensive polymorphism of class la loci greatly limits the effectiveness of these approaches. We demonstrate in this study that the murine nonpolymorphic, nonclassical MHC class I (class Ib) molecule Q9 (Qa-2) promotes potent immune responses against multiple syngencic tumors. We have previously shown that ectopic expression of Q9 on the surface of class Ia-negative B78H1 melanoma led to efficient CTL-mediated rejection of this tumor. In this study, we report that surface-expressed Q9 on 3LLA9F1 Lewis lung carcinoma and RMA T cell lymphoma also induces potent antitumor CTL responses. Importantly, CTL harvested from animals surviving the initial challenge with Q9-positive 3LLA9F1, RMA, or B78H1 tumors recognized and killed their cognate tumors as well as the other cancer lines. Furthermore, immunization with Q9-expressing 3LLA9F1 or RMA tumor cells established immunological memory that enhanced protection against subsequent challenge with a weakly immunogenic, Q9-bearing melanoma variant. Collectively, the generation of cross-reactive CTL capable of eliminating multiple disparate Q9-expressing tumors suggests that this nonpolymorphic MHC class I molecule serves as a restriction element for a shared tumor Ag(s) common to lung carcinoma, T cell lymphoma, and melanoma.