Preparation and evaluation of thermally stable nano-structured self-doped polythiophene coating for analysis of phthalate ester trace levels

Nano-structured self-doped polythiophene (SPT) electrodeposited in the presence of fluorinated organic acid was applied as a thermally stable conductive polymer-based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber candidate. Quantitative determination of trace levels of phthalate esters including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was carried out using this novel fiber, coupling with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The SPT coating was proved to be stable at high temperatures (similar to 350 degrees C) with a high extraction capacity and long lifetime (more than 60 times). Improved temperature resistance was obtained by the presence of sulfonated groups in the backbone of polymer. Thermal stability of novel SPT was superior to common polythiophene (synthesized in LiClO4). The extraction procedure was optimized by means of the Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design with an OA16 (45) matrix including extraction temperature, extraction time, salt concentration, stirring rate, and headspace volume. The good linearity was obtained for most compounds with correlation coefficients (R2) of between 0.993 and 0.995. The detection limits were lower than 0.12 ng/mL for dimethyl phthalate, DEP, dibutyl phthalate, and diethylhexyl phthalate. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of water samples with the recoveries from 90+/-1 to 107+/-1%.