Vaccination and herd immunity: what more do we know?

被引：90

作者：

Rashid, Harunor ^{[1
]}

Khandaker, Gulam ^{[1
]}

Booy, Robert ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Childrens Hosp Westmead, Natl Ctr Immunisat Res & Surveillance Vaccine Pre, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[2] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney Inst Emerging Infect & Biosecur SEIB, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

来源：

CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES | 2012年 / 25卷 / 03期

关键词：

basic reproduction number; critical vaccine coverage; herd immunity; herd protection; vaccination; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CONJUGATE VACCINATION; PERTUSSIS; CHILDREN; VACCINES; PROTECTION; MEASLES; IMPACT; ADULTS; TRANSMISSION;

D O I：

10.1097/QCO.0b013e328352f727

中图分类号：

R51 [传染病];

学科分类号：

100401 ;

摘要：

Purpose of review This review summarizes herd immunity, focusing on conceptual developments with application to vaccination programs. Recent findings The conventional idea of herd immunity is based on the relationship between the transmission dynamics of infectious agents and population immunity. However, there have been some recent conceptual developments in vaccine 'herd immunity' or 'herd protection' that address the complexities of imperfect immunity, heterogeneous populations, nonrandom vaccine uptake and 'freeloaders'. Some vaccines may provide better protection than others; for instance, meningococcal conjugate vaccines are superior to polysaccharide vaccines, as is true of pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. Achieving a very high uptake rate should be the target for certain vaccines, for example, measles vaccine, in order to prevent the disease effectively. Emerging issues, for example, waning of immunity after pertussis vaccination, are fresh challenges. Summary Herd immunity is a complex issue inherent to a vaccine and the population receiving the vaccine. We have more to learn and apply.

引用

页码：243 / 249

页数：7

共 51 条

[1] Changing epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Ontario, Canada: Evidence for herd effects and strain replacement due to Hib vaccination [J].

Adam, H. J. ;

Richardson, S. E. ;

Jamieson, F. B. ;

Rawte, P. ;

Low, D. E. ;

Fisman, D. N. .

VACCINE, 2010, 28 (24) :4073-4078

[2] Rotavirus vaccines: viral shedding and risk of transmission [J].

Anderson, Evan J. .

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2008, 8 (10) :642-649

[3] VACCINATION AND HERD-IMMUNITY TO INFECTIOUS-DISEASES [J].

ANDERSON, RM ;

MAY, RM .

NATURE, 1985, 318 (6044) :323-329

[4]

Andrus JK, 2011, VACCINE

[5] Childhood vaccine development: An overview [J].

Baker, JP ;

Katz, SL .

PEDIATRIC RESEARCH, 2004, 55 (02) :347-356

[6] World wide experience with inactivated poliovirus vaccine [J].

Bonnet, Marie-Claude ;

Dutta, Anil .

VACCINE, 2008, 26 (39) :4978-4983

[7] Early effect of the HPV vaccination programme on cervical abnormalities in Victoria, Australia: an ecological study [J].

Brotherton, Julia M. L. ;

Fridman, Masha ;

May, Cathryn L. ;

Chappell, Genevieve ;

Saville, A. Marion ;

Gertig, Dorota M. .

LANCET, 2011, 377 (9783) :2085-2092

[8] Updated Postlicensure Surveillance of the Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine in England and Wales: Effectiveness, Validation of Serological Correlates of Protection, and Modeling Predictions of the Duration of Herd Immunity [J].

Campbell, Helen ;

Andrews, Nick ;

Borrow, Ray ;

Trotter, Caroline ;

Miller, Elizabeth .

CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY, 2010, 17 (05) :840-847

[9] Acellular pertussis vaccine safety and efficacyin children, adolescents and adults [J].

Casey, JR ;

Pichichero, ME .

DRUGS, 2005, 65 (10) :1367-1389

[10]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2011, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, V60, P1605

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 →