[1] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[2] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[3] Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada
[4] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Electrochem Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA