P300/CREB-Binding protein enhances the prolactin-mediated transcriptional induction through direct interaction with the transactivation domain of Stat5, but does not participate in the Stat5-mediated suppression of the glucocorticoid response

Stat5 was discovered as a PRL-induced member of the Stat (signal transducer and activator of transcription) family. Its induction by many other cytokines and interleukins suggests that Stat5 plays a crucial role not only in mammary epithelial, but also in hematopoietic cells. Cell type- and promoter-specific functions of Stat5 are most likely modulated by the interaction with other transcription factors. We recently showed cross-talk between Stat5 and the glucocorticoid receptor. The activated glucocorticoid receptor forms a complex with Stat5 and enhances Stat5-mediated transcriptional induction. Conversely, Stat5 diminishes the induction of glucocorticoid-responsive genes. Here, we investigated the role of p300/CBP(CREB-binding protein), a transcriptional coactivator of several groups of transcription factors, in Stat5-mediated transactivation and in the cross-talk between Stat5 and the glucocorticoid receptor. p300/CBP acts as a coactivator of Stat5. Its ectopic expression enhances PRL-induced Stat5-mediated transcriptional activation. Consistent with this observation, we find that the adenovirus E1A protein, which binds to p300/CBP, suppresses Stat5-induced transcriptional activation. This inhibition requires the Stat5 transactivation domain and the p300/CBP binding site of E1A. Coimmunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assays demonstrate a direct interaction between the carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain of Stat5 and p300/CBP, p300/CBP also positively interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor and enhances glucocorticoid receptor-dependent transcriptional activation of the mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat promoter. Overexpression of p300/CBP does not counteract the Stat5-mediated inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor-dependent transactivation, i.e. the repression of the glucocorticoid response by Stat5 is not a consequence of competition for limiting amounts of p300/CBP.