Extremely thermophilic microorganisms for biomass conversion: status and prospects

被引:182
作者
Blumer-Schuette, Sara E. [1 ,4 ]
Kataeva, Irina [2 ,4 ]
Westpheling, Janet [3 ,4 ]
Adams, Michael W. W. [2 ,4 ]
Kelly, Robert M. [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
[2] Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA
[3] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA
[4] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
D O I
10.1016/j.copbio.2008.04.007
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Many microorganisms that grow at elevated temperatures are able to utilize a variety of carbohydrates pertinent to the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bioenergy. The range of substrates utilized depends on growth temperature optimum and biotope. Hyperthermophilic marine archaea (T-opt >= 80 degrees C) utilize alpha- and beta-linked glucans, such as starch, barley glucan, laminarin, and chitin, while hyperthermophilic marine bacteria (T-opt > 80 degrees C) utilize the same glucans as well as hemicellulose, such as xylans and mannans. However, none of these organisms are able to efficiently utilize crystalline cellulose. Among the thermophiles, this ability is limited to a few terrestrial bacteria with upper temperature limits for growth near 75 degrees C. Deconstruction of crystalline cellulose by these extreme thermophiles is achieved by 'free' primary cellulases, which are distinct from those typically associated with large multi-enzyme complexes known as cellulosomes. These primary cellulases also differ from the endoglucanases (referred to here as 'secondary cellulases') reported from marine hyperthermophiles that show only weak activity toward cellulose. Many extremely thermophilic enzymes implicated in the deconstruction of lignocellulose can be identified in genome sequences, and many more promising biocatalysts probably remain annotated as 'hypothetical proteins'. Characterization of these enzymes will require intensive effort but is likely to generate new opportunities for the use of renewable resources as biofuels.
引用
收藏
页码:210 / 217
页数:8
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