mtDNA haplogroup X: An ancient link between Europe western Asia and North America?

被引:168
作者
Brown, MD
Hosseini, SH
Torroni, A
Bandelt, HJ
Allen, JC
Schurr, TG
Scozzari, R
Cruciani, F
Wallace, DC
机构
[1] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
[2] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Genet & Biol Mol, I-00185 Rome, Italy
[3] Univ Hamburg, Math Seminar, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany
关键词
D O I
10.1086/302155
中图分类号
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要
On the basis of comprehensive RFLP analysis, it has been inferred that similar to 97% of Native American mtDNAs belong to one of four major founding mtDNA lineages, designated haplogroups "A"-"D." It has been proposed that a fifth mtDNA haplogroup (haplogroup X) represents a minor founding lineage in Native Americans. Unlike haplogroups A-D, haplogroup X is also found at low frequencies in modern European populations. To investigate the origins, diversity, and continental relationships of this haplogroup, we performed mtDNA high-resolution RFLP and complete control region (CR) sequence analysis on 22 putative Native American haplogroup X and 14 putative European haplogroup X mtDNAs. The results identified a consensus haplogroup X motif that characterizes our European and Native American samples. Among Native Americans, haplogroup X appears to be essentially restricted to northern Amerindian groups, including the Ojibwa, the Nuu-Chah-Nulth, the Sioux, and the Yakima, although we also observed this haplogroup in the Na-Dene-speaking Navajo. Median network analysis indicated that European and Native American haplogroup X mtDNAs, although distinct, nevertheless are distantly related to each other. Time estimates for the arrival of X in North America are 12,000-36,000 years ago, depending on the number of assumed founders, thus supporting the conclusion that the peoples harboring haplogroup X were among the original founders of Native American populations. To date, haplogroup X has not been unambiguously identified in Asia, raising the possibility that some Native American founders were of Caucasian ancestry.
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页码:1852 / 1861
页数:10
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