The use of nutshell carbons in drinking water filters for removal of trace metals

被引:192
作者
Ahmedna, M
Marshall, WE
Husseiny, AA
Rao, RM [1 ]
Goktepe, I
机构
[1] Technol Int Inc, La Place, LA 70068 USA
[2] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Human Environm & Family Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA
[3] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA
[4] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
关键词
granular activated carbon; drinking water filtration; point-of-use water filter; pecan shell; almond shell; English walnut shell; copper; lead; zinc;
D O I
10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.047
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Filtration of drinking water by point-of-use (POU) or point-of-entry (POE) systems is becoming increasingly popular in the United States. Drinking water is filtered to remove both organic and inorganic contaminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of granular activated carbon from nutshells (almond, English walnut, pecan) in a POU water filtration system to determine its effectiveness in removing select, potentially toxic metal ions, namely, copper (Cu2+), lead (Ph (2+)) or zinc (Zn2+) found in drinking water. The nutshell-based carbon system was designated "Envirofilter" and was compared to four commercial POU systems with brand names of BRITA, Omni Filter, PUR and Teledyne Water Pik. Eight prototype "Envirofilters", consisting of individual or binary mixtures of carbons made from acid-activated almond or pecan shells and steam-activated pecan or walnut shells were constructed and evaluated for adsorption of the three metal ions. The results indicated that a binary mixture of carbons from acid-activated almond and either steam-activated pecan or walnut shells were the most effective in removing these metals from drinking water of all the POU systems evaluated. Binary mixtures of acid-activated almond shell-based carbon with either steam-activated pecan shell- or walnut shell-based carbon removed nearly 100% of lead ion, 90-95% of copper ion and 80-90% of zinc ion. Overall the performance data on the "Envirofilters" suggest that these prototypes require less carbon than commercial filters to achieve the same metal adsorption efficiency and may also be a less expensive product. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1062 / 1068
页数:7
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