Determination of steroidal hormone profiles along the Jalle d'Eysines River (near Bordeaux, France)

Steroidal estrogens have been shown to be the main contributors to the estrogenic activity observed in aquatic systems contaminated with sewage treatment work effluents. Although the occurrence of steroid hormones in the environment has received a great deal of attention, little is known about their fate in aquatic systems. In the present work, concentrations of conjugated and unconjugated hormonal steroids (estrone, 17 beta-estradiol, estriol, 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol, mestranol, progesterone, norethindrone, and D-norgestrel) were determined in the effluent of the Eysines sewage treatment plant (near Bordeaux, France), and along the receiving river, the Jalle d'Eysines River. Sampling was undertaken in summer and in winter conditions, to study both the temporal and the spatial distributions of steroids in this river. Only unconjugated natural estrogens were detected in the effluent. Estrone was the dominant compound (detected in all effluent samples, 17.1-71.0 ng(.)L(-1)), while estradiol and its metabolite estriol were detected only once, at much lower levels (4.4 and 2.9 ng(.)L(-1), respectively). Levels of estrogens were clearly raised above the detection limits downstream of the Eysines STP effluent discharge. Seasonal variations of estrone degradation rates were observed. In summer, the apparent decay rates of estrogen levels exceeded that of dilution, indicating high removal rates from the water column: 50% of the initial amount of this steroid was degraded within 1.7 km downstream of the effluent discharge. In winter, however, estrone levels did not significantly decrease over a 10 km reach downstream of the effluent discharge (1.9-1.8 ng(.)L(-1)). Steroids were determined in the particulate material of the river, but levels were below the detection limits (0.4-1.9 ng(.)g(-1)), indicating that sorption was not a major sink of estrogens, Therefore, it is likely that biodegradation plays a major role in the removal of steroids from the river and the different decay rates are probably related to differences in bacterial activity within the river.