A photoelectron spectrometer for studying reactive intermediates using synchrotron radiation

The construction of a photoelectron spectrometer, designed for studying reactive intermediates with synchrotron radiation, is described. The principal features are the inclusion of several stages of sample pumping, necessary to provide the required gas throughput and to protect the electron optics of the storage ring and spectrometer. The facility to rotate the whole spectrometer is also included in the design. Some data are presented which demonstrate the use of the instrument for obtaining photoelectron spectra, constant-ionic-state (CIS) spectra, and near-threshold photoelectron spectra of reactive species. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.