The effect of temperature on lithium intercalation into carbon materials

The effects of temperature on lithium intercalation into non-graphitized carbonized cloth from various electrolytes have been studied. The open-circuit potential (o,c.p,) of the intercalates shifts in the negative direction as the temperature is raised. The average temperature coefficient of the o,c.p, is equal to -0.04 mV . K-1 in the range from -35 to + 45 degrees C, Intercalation-deintercalation kinetics was studied by the galvanostatic technique. It was shown that this process is quasi-ohmic at room and higher temperatures and has activation-ohmic control at lower temperatures, The effective activation energy of intercalation-deintercalation is about 20 kJ . mol(-1). Intercalates are corroded in all electrolytes, the corrosion rate being drastically increased as the temperature is raised. The apparent activation energy of corrosion is 120-150 kJ . mol(-1), The corrosion rate is suggested to be controlled by cathodic reduction of electrolyte components.