ARCADE 2 MEASUREMENT OF THE ABSOLUTE SKY BRIGHTNESS AT 3-90 GHz

被引：247

作者：

Fixsen, D. J. ^{[1
]}

Kogut, A. ^{[2
]}

Levin, S. ^{[3
]}

Limon, M. ^{[4
]}

Lubin, P. ^{[5
]}

Mirel, P. ^{[6
]}

Seiffert, M. ^{[3
]}

Singal, J. ^{[7
]}

Wollack, E. ^{[2
]}

Villela, T. ^{[8
]}

Wuensche, C. A. ^{[8
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[2] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[3] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[4] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA

[5] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys & Astron, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[6] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA

[7] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[8] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Astrofis, BR-12245970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2011年 / 734卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家航空航天局; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

cosmic background radiation; diffuse radiation; radio continuum: general; CONTINUUM SURVEY; TEMPERATURE; EMISSION;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/734/1/5

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The ARCADE 2 instrument has measured the absolute temperature of the sky at frequencies 3, 8, 10, 30, and 90 GHz, using an open-aperture cryogenic instrument observing at balloon altitudes with no emissive windows between the beam-forming optics and the sky. An external blackbody calibrator provides an in situ reference. Systematic errors were greatly reduced by using differential radiometers and cooling all critical components to physical temperatures approximating the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. A linear model is used to compare the output of each radiometer to a set of thermometers on the instrument. Small corrections are made for the residual emission from the flight train, balloon, atmosphere, and foreground Galactic emission. The ARCADE 2 data alone show an excess radio rise of 54 +/- 6 mK at 3.3 GHz in addition to a CMB temperature of 2.731 +/- 0.004 K. Combining the ARCADE 2 data with data from the literature shows an excess power-law spectrum of T = 24.1 +/- 2.1 (K) (nu/nu(0))(-2.599 +/- 0.036) from 22 MHz to 10 GHz (nu(0) = 310 MHz) in addition to a CMB temperature of 2.725 +/- 0.001 K.

引用

页数：11

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