Effect of delay in restarting of stopped cars in a one-dimensional traffic model

Traffic flow in the one-dimensional cellular automaton model including cars with the delay in restarting after a stop is simulated. With the increase of the car density, a phase transition between a free moving phase and a jam phase occurs at a critical density p(c) = 1/3. In the jam phase, according to the initial condition for the advance of the car, there appear the steady states where the mean velocity of the cars oscillates between two values, whose average is just (1 - p)/2p.