Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor is implicated in the mode of stromal invasion of uterine squamous cervical cancer

Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) to cell motility and invasion in uterine cervical cancer. Methods. We examined the expression of HGF/SF and its receptor, c-met, in cervical cancer cell lines SKG-IIIa (squamous cc carcinoma) and Hela-S3 (adenocarcinoma) and in stromal cells of the cervical cancer tissue by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We studied the effect of HGF/SF on invasiveness of SKG-IIIa and Hela-S3 in an invasion model of the modified Boyden chamber method and by electron microscopy. SKG-IIIa cells were also seeded on the thick Matrigel-coated layer to evaluate the invasion patterns in three-dimensional directions. To investigate the mechanism of an inductive effect of HGF/SF on the invasiveness of SKG-IIIa, we examined the effect of HGF/SF on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule E-cadherin, cell-substrate adhesion molecules CD44, alpha2 beta1, and alpha6 beta1, and intracellular skeleton fiber actin in SKG-IIIa in cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence staining. Results. HGF/SF messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected in stromal cells, and c-met mRNA was detected in SKG-IIIa and Hela-S3. Hela-S3 that initially showed weak intercellular contact freely invaded the Matrigel-coated multiporous membrane without the addition of HGF/SF. In contrast, SKG-IIIa that initially showed strong intercellular adhesion could invade the membrane after the addition of HGF/SF. The same results were represented by an addition of HECD-1, an anti-human E-cadherin antibody. In an experiment with cell culture in a thick Matrigel layer, control SKG-IIIa showed a mirror-ball-like invasion pattern, whereas HGF/SF-stimulated SKG-IIIa spread horizontally over the membrane and migrated through the membrane holes, presenting a tentacular invasion pattern. Migration of SKG-IIIa under the membrane was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The addition of HGF/SF in cell ELISA assay decreased the expression of E-cadherin and actin in SKG-IIIa, but it did not change the expression of CD44, alpha2 beta1, and alpha6 beta1. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the expression of E-cadherin in cell membrane was disturbed by HGF/SF. Conclusions. Our data indicate that HGF/SF produced by stromal cells influences the mode of stromal invasion of squamous cervical cancer by selectively decreasing the expression of both E-cadherin and actin. (C) 2001 Academic Press.