The Phobos experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory uses silicon pad detectors to measure charged particles in Au-Au collisions. Precise knowledge of the ionization signal amplitude in the silicon pad detector is vital for the determination of particle multiplicity and for particle identification. We describe here a system that precisely calibrates the gain curve for each channel in the 135 000-channel silicon readout system. The calibration covers the range up to 100 minimum ionizing particles, and the calibration circuit has a linearity better than +/-1% over a dynamic range of 1:250.