The early detection of microbes is the responsibility of the innate immune system which has evolved to sense pathogen derived molecules such as lipopolysaccharides and non-self nucleic acid, to trigger host defense countermeasures. These sensors include the RIG-I-like helicase (RLH) family that specifically recognizes viral RNA, as well as the cytoplasmic, nucleotide binding oligermerization domain (NOD)-like receptor and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways that sense a variety of microbial derived molecules. Comprehending how the cell senses foreign DNA, generated by certain viruses, bacteria and possibly parasites has proven elusive but is of significant importance since such information could shed insight into the causes of microbial related disease, including viral associated cancers and autoimmune disorders. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are known to utilize TLR9 to detect pathogen-associated DNA and to trigger the production of type I interferon (IFN), as well as other cytokines, although alternate key DNA detecting sensors remain to be identified. Recently however, a molecule referred to as AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) was found to be essential for mediating inflammatory reactions triggered by cytoplasmic DNA. In addition, an endoplasmic reticulum associated protein referred to as STING (for stimulator of interferon genes) was demonstrated as being pivotal for facilitating IFN production in response to intracellular DNA and a variety of DNA pathogens. Here, we review recent discoveries relating to the detection of foreign DNA, including the importance of the STING and AIM2 and the activation of innate signaling pathways.
机构:Yale Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Immunobiol Sect, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
Barton, GM
;
Kagan, JC
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机构:Yale Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Immunobiol Sect, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
Kagan, JC
;
Medzhitov, R
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h-index: 0
机构:
Yale Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Immunobiol Sect, New Haven, CT 06520 USAYale Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Immunobiol Sect, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Choi, Myoung Kwon
;
Wang, ZhiChao
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Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Wang, ZhiChao
;
Ban, Tatsuma
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Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Ban, Tatsuma
;
Yanai, Hideyuki
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机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Yanai, Hideyuki
;
Lu, Yan
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机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Lu, Yan
;
Koshiba, Ryuji
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Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Koshiba, Ryuji
;
Nakaima, Yukana
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Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Nakaima, Yukana
;
Hangai, Sho
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Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Hangai, Sho
;
Savitsky, David
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Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Savitsky, David
;
Nakasato, Makoto
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Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Nakasato, Makoto
;
Negishi, Hideo
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机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Negishi, Hideo
;
Takeuchi, Osamu
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机构:
Osaka Univ, World Premier Int Immunol Frontier Res Ctr, Host Def Lab, Suita, Osaka 5650871, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Takeuchi, Osamu
;
Honda, Kenya
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Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Honda, Kenya
;
Akira, Shizuo
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h-index: 0
机构:
Osaka Univ, World Premier Int Immunol Frontier Res Ctr, Host Def Lab, Suita, Osaka 5650871, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Akira, Shizuo
;
Tamura, Tomohiko
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Tamura, Tomohiko
;
Taniguchi, Tadatsugu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
机构:Yale Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Immunobiol Sect, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
Barton, GM
;
Kagan, JC
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:Yale Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Immunobiol Sect, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
Kagan, JC
;
Medzhitov, R
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Yale Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Immunobiol Sect, New Haven, CT 06520 USAYale Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Immunobiol Sect, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Choi, Myoung Kwon
;
Wang, ZhiChao
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Wang, ZhiChao
;
Ban, Tatsuma
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Ban, Tatsuma
;
Yanai, Hideyuki
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Yanai, Hideyuki
;
Lu, Yan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Lu, Yan
;
Koshiba, Ryuji
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Koshiba, Ryuji
;
Nakaima, Yukana
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Nakaima, Yukana
;
Hangai, Sho
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Hangai, Sho
;
Savitsky, David
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Savitsky, David
;
Nakasato, Makoto
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Nakasato, Makoto
;
Negishi, Hideo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Negishi, Hideo
;
Takeuchi, Osamu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Osaka Univ, World Premier Int Immunol Frontier Res Ctr, Host Def Lab, Suita, Osaka 5650871, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Takeuchi, Osamu
;
Honda, Kenya
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Honda, Kenya
;
Akira, Shizuo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Osaka Univ, World Premier Int Immunol Frontier Res Ctr, Host Def Lab, Suita, Osaka 5650871, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Akira, Shizuo
;
Tamura, Tomohiko
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Tamura, Tomohiko
;
Taniguchi, Tadatsugu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan