Serum antibodies to the HPV16 proteome as biomarkers for head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is associated with oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPC). Antibodies (Abs) to HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins have been detected in patient sera; however, Abs to other early HPV-derived proteins have not been well explored. METHODS: Antibodies to the HPV16 proteome were quantified using a novel multiplexed bead assay, using C-terminal GST-fusion proteins captured onto Luminex beads. Sera were obtained from untreated patients with OPC (N=40), partners of patients with HPV16 + OPC (N = 11), and healthy controls (N = 50). RESULTS: Oropharyngeal carcinomas patients with known virus-like capsid particle + Abs had elevated serum Abs to HPV16 E1, E2, E4, E6, and E7, and L1 antibody levels, but not E5. The ratios of specific median fluorescence intensity to p21-GST compared with controls were E1: 50.7 vs 2.1; E4: 14.6 vs 1.3; E6: 11.3 vs 2.4; E7: 43.1 vs 2.6; and L1: 10.3 vs 2.6 (each P <= 0.01). In a validation cohort, HPV16 E1, E2, and E7 antibody levels were significantly elevated compared with healthy control samples (P <= 0.02) and partners of OPC patients (P <= 0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with HPV16 + OPC have detectable Abs to E1, E2, and E7 proteins, which are potential biomarkers for HPV-associated OPC. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 104, 1896-1905. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.171 www.bjcancer.com (C) 2011 Cancer Research UK