Mad as hell or scared stiff? The effects of value conflict and emotions on potential whistle-blowers

Existing whistle-blowing models rely on "cold" economic calculations and cost-benefit analyses to explain the judgments and actions of potential whistle-blowers. I argue that "hot" cognitions - value conflict and emotions - should be added to these models. I propose a model of the whistle-blowing decision process that highlights the reciprocal influence of "hot" and "cold" cognitions and advocate research that explores how value conflict and emotions inform reporting decisions. I draw on the cognitive appraisal approach to emotions and on the social-functional value pluralism model to generate propositions.