Learning Where to Attend with Deep Architectures for Image Tracking

被引:138
作者
Denil, Misha [1 ]
Bazzani, Loris [2 ]
Larochelle, Hugo [3 ]
de Freitas, Nando [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6G 1Z4, Canada
[2] Univ Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
[3] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
VISUAL-ATTENTION; MODEL; REPRESENTATION; FEATURES; CORTEX;
D O I
10.1162/NECO_a_00312
中图分类号
TP18 [人工智能理论];
学科分类号
081104 ; 0812 ; 0835 ; 1405 ;
摘要
We discuss an attentional model for simultaneous object tracking and recognition that is driven by gaze data. Motivated by theories of perception, the model consists of two interacting pathways, identity and control, intended to mirror the what and where pathways in neuroscience models. The identity pathway models object appearance and performs classification using deep (factored)-restricted Boltzmann machines. At each point in time, the observations consist of foveated images, with decaying resolution toward the periphery of the gaze. The control pathway models the location, orientation, scale, and speed of the attended object. The posterior distribution of these states is estimated with particle filtering. Deeper in the control pathway, we encounter an attentional mechanism that learns to select gazes so as to minimize tracking uncertainty. Unlike in our previous work, we introduce gaze selection strategies that operate in the presence of partial information and on a continuous action space. We show that a straightforward extension of the existing approach to the partial information setting results in poor performance, and we propose an alternative method based on modeling the reward surface as a gaussian process. This approach gives good performance in the presence of partial information and allows us to expand the action space from a small, discrete set of fixation points to a continuous domain.
引用
收藏
页码:2151 / 2184
页数:34
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