Cadmium Induced Apoptosis in MG63 Cells by Increasing ROS, Activation of p38 MAPK and Inhibition of ERK 1/2 Pathways

Background/Aims: Cadmium (Cd) induces apoptosis in different kinds of cells, including osteoblasts, both in vivo and in vitro. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which Cd induces apoptosis. Methods: In the present study, we used the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63, which has characteristics similar to human osteoblasts, as an in vitro model to determine the cellular mechanisms by which Cd induces apoptosis. Results: We found that short-term exposure to CdC12 induced apoptosis in MG63 cells. Furthermore, the incubation of cells with CdC12 significantly increased the level of phosphorylated p38MAPK and significantly decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the inhibition of the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK by SB202190 protected MG63 cells from Cd-induced apoptosis. The incubation of MG63 cells with the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 significantly increased apoptosis in MG63 cells. CdC12 also significantly increased the intracellular levels of ROS. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly reduced ROS levels and reversed the effects of CdC12 on MAPK signaling. Conclusion: Our results suggested that Cd induced apoptosis in MG63 cells by increasing ROS, activation of p38 MAPK and inhibition of ERK1/2 pathways. Copyright (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel